As I recall, the shuttle bus runs to the Bus Station on Franklin St., taxis available from the airport are a lot cheaper than a private transfer which is about $90. Your hotel is well outside the city at the opposite end to the airport, so I aren't sure of the costing. Do a bit of Googling for taxi fares but don't book - it's cheaper at the rank.
Things to do - LOTS!
China Town and the Market for souvenirs and food.
Bus trips from the Bus Station going to Hahndorf, Wineries, and the Murray River. (Book 3 and the cheapest is free), but check them out at the bus station.
Glenelg for the beach and a chill from the hustle and bustle of the city, - use the tram from North Tce.
A guided walkabout tour of Aboriginal points of interest which sets off from the Victoria Square and lasts about 3 hours. You can get details of this from the Tourist Office on King William St near to North Tce (Right hand side coming into the centre, just over the bridge), but they don't take bookings.
Meals - East side mainly, near Rundle Mall, but check their prices - some are very expensive. We paid about $150 for a 3 course meal for 2 with drinks. The best value we got was on Waymouth St where we got 2 mains and 2 pints for $20 and they had offers on every night, but close early, as does nearly everywhere in Adelaide! - unless you are clubbing it.